The Face of Emotion
by Carroll E. Izard
First published 1971
The status of emotion and facial expression in contemporary
behavioural science is given an overview by Carroll Izard as the theories of
facial expression are described. Many cross-cultural studies are looked at
including cross-cultural evidence for the universality of the fundamental
emotions, cross-cultural similarities in free-response labelling of facial
expressions of fundamental emotions, and cross-cultural similarities and
differences in attitudes toward the fundamental emotions. Innate versus
experiential influences in facial expressions are examined as are the dimensional
and typological approaches. The areas on labelling and identifying emotions are
particularly interesting with cultural and age differences included.